Explanation of the Text 1 Thess. 5:4-5 Sons and Daughters of the LIGHT not the Darkness.

1Th 5:4  But ye, brethren, are not in darkness, that that day should overtake you as a thief: 
1Th 5:5  for ye are all sons of light, and sons of the day: we are not of the night, nor of darkness; 
1Th 5:6  so then let us not sleep, as do the rest, but let us watch and be sober. 

Notes:
"You are not in darkness but the light."
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Paul reaches back in His Teaching to the Old Testament Hebrew and the teachings of Jesus. "LIGHT" and "DARKNESS" are Words of Salvation, not some philosophical speculation on the cosmos or some intellectual enlightenment.
Psa 27:1  A Psalm of David. Jehovah is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear? Jehovah is the strength of my life; of whom shall I be afraid? 
Isa 60:1  Arise, shine; for your light has come, and the glory of Jehovah has risen on you. 

 There is the Eschatological aspect in all the OLD Testament Prophets. "The day of the Lord will bring Darkness and not light for the wicked."

Darkness in both the OT and NT is a very common metaphor for Lostness.
Isa 9:2  The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; they who dwell in the land of the shadow of death, on them the light has shined. 

Mat 5:14  You are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hidden. 
Mat 5:15  Nor do men light a lamp and put it under the grain-measure, but on a lampstand. And it gives light to all who are in the house. 
Mat 5:16  Let your light so shine before men that they may see your good works and glorify your Father who is in Heaven. 

Joh 1:4  In Him was life, and the life was the light of men. 
Joh 1:5  And the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overtake it. 
Joh 1:6  There was a man sent from God; his name was John. 
Joh 1:7  This one came as a witness, to bear witness concerning the Light, so that all might believe through him. 
Joh 1:8  He was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of that Light. 
Joh 1:9  He was the true Light; He enlightens every man coming into the world. 

Luk 16:8  And the unjust steward's lord commended him because he had done wisely. For the children of this world are in their generation wiser than the children of light. 

Christians have been rescued from the Power of darkness and transferred into the Kingdom of His Dear Son. Col 1:12-13
The Apostles Gospel Work was the Following :
Act 26:16  But rise and stand on your feet, for I have appeared to you for this purpose, to make you a minister and a witness both of what you saw, and in what I shall appear to you; 
Act 26:17  delivering you from the people and the nations, to whom I now send you 
Act 26:18  in order to open their eyes so that they may turn from darkness to light, and from the authority of Satan to God, so that they may receive remission of sins and an inheritance among those who are sanctified by faith in Me. 


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